β-amyloid peptide is a protein associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD), which accumulates the proteins of the amyloid plaques formed in the brain of the patient. Amyloid beta peptide usually contains 39 to 43 amino acids. In neurodegenerative disease states, insoluble oligomers are produced by sequently enzymolysis of amyloid precursor protein (APP: a 100-140 kDa transmembrane glycoprotein) by β-secretase and γ-secretase, resulting in neuronal death. Because of its key role in the pathogenesis of AD, β-amyloid (Aβ40/42) has been one of the most studied proteins in the protein immunotherapy program for AD.
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